What Exactly Is the Prostate?

The prostate gland is a walnut-shaped gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate's primary function is to produce fluid that enters sperm. Prostate fluid is required for male fertility. At the bladder's neck, the gland surrounds the urethra. The bladder neck is the junction of the urethra and the bladder. The lower urinary tract includes the bladder and urethra. The prostate is located in front of the rectum, just below the bladder, and has two or more lobes, or sections, surrounded by an outer layer of tissue. The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body. In men, the urethra also transports sperm through the penis.

What is the root cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is unknown; however, it primarily affects older men. Men who had their testicles removed before puberty did not develop benign prostatic hyperplasia. As a result, some researchers believe that ageing and testicular factors may contribute to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Men produce testosterone, a male hormone, and small amounts of estragon, a female hormone, throughout their lives. The amount of active testosterone in men's blood decreases as they age, leaving a higher proportion of estradiol. According to scientific evidence, benign prostatic hyperplasia may occur because the presence of more estragon in the prostate increases the activity of substances that promote prostate cell growth.

Another theory revolves around dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a male hormone involved in prostate development and growth. According to some studies, even when blood testosterone levels fall, older men continue to produce and accumulate high levels of DHT in the prostate. This DHT buildup may encourage prostate cells to proliferate further. Men who do not produce DHT do not develop benign prostatic hyperplasia, according to researchers.

What is the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

The most common prostate problem in men over the age of 50 is benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the United States in 2010, up to 14 million men had lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. 1 Although symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia are uncommon before the age of 40, their occurrence and severity increase with age. Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects approximately 50% of men between the ages of 51 and 60, and up to 90% of men over the age of 80.

Who is at a higher risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Men who have the following risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia:

• Age 40 and older

• family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia

• medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, and type 2 diabetes

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What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A benign prostatic hyperplasia is diagnosed by a healthcare provider based on:

• a personal and family medical history

 • a physical exam

Medical Exams

Although a health care provider may refer men to a urologist (a doctor who specializes in urinary problems and the male reproductive system), the health care provider most often diagnoses benign prostatic hyperplasia based on symptoms and a digital rectal exam. Vidalista 60 is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urinalysis, a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and urodynamic tests are examples of medical tests.

Cystoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, and biopsy

Urinalysis. Urinalysis is the testing of a urine sample. In a healthcare provider's office or a commercial facility, the patient collects a urine sample in a special container. During an office visit, a healthcare provider tests the sample or sends it to a lab for analysis. A nurse or technician performs the test by inserting a strip of chemically treated paper, known as a dipstick, into the urine. Patches on the dipstick change color when there is an infection in the urine.

A PSA blood test is performed. During an office visit or in a commercial facility, a healthcare provider may draw blood for a PSA test and send the sample to a lab for analysis. PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells. Prostate cancer patients may have higher levels of PSA in their blood. A high PSA level, on the other hand, does not always indicate prostate cancer. In fact, high PSA levels are frequently caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate infections, inflammation, ageing, and normal fluctuations. Much is unknown about how to interpret a PSA blood test, the test's ability to distinguish between cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the best course of action to take if the PSA level is high.

Urodynamic examinations. Urodynamic tests are a group of procedures used to assess how well the bladder and urethra store and release urine. Urodynamic tests are performed by a health care provider during an office visit, an outpatient centre, or a hospital. Some urodynamic tests are performed without anaesthesia, while others may require local anaesthesia. The majority of urodynamic tests concentrate on the bladder's ability to hold urine and empty it steadily and completely, and may include the following:

• uroflowmetry, which assesses how quickly the bladder releases urine;

 • postvoid residual measurement, which assesses how much urine remains in the bladder after urination

• reduced urine flow or residual urine in the bladder, which frequently indicates urinary blockage due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Cystoscopy. Cystoscopy is a procedure that looks inside the urethra and bladder using a tube-like instrument called a cystoscope. A urologist inserts the cystoscope into the lower urinary tract through the opening at the tip of the penis. Cystoscopy is performed by a urologist during an office visit, an outpatient centre, or a hospital. The urologist will administer local anaesthesia to the patient; however, in some cases, the patient may require sedation as well as regional or general anaesthesia. Cystoscopy may be used by a urologist to look for blockages or stones in the urinary tract.

Ultrasound is transrectal. Transrectal ultrasound employs a transducer, which bounces harmless, painless sound waves off organs to produce an image of their structure. To examine different organs, the health care provider can move the transducer to different angles. The procedure is performed in a health care provider's office, an outpatient centre, or a hospital by a specially trained technician, and the images are interpreted by a radiologist—a doctor who specialises in medical imaging; the patient is not sedated.